46 Related party disclosures in accordance with IAS 24

Related parties as defined by IAS 24 are natural persons and entities that Volkswagen AG has the ability to control or on which it can exercise significant influence, or natural persons and entities that have the ability to control or exercise significant influence on Volkswagen AG, or that are influenced by another related party of Volkswagen AG.

All transactions with related parties are regularly conducted on an arm’s length basis.

Porsche SE held the majority of the voting rights in Volkswagen AG as of the reporting date. The creation of rights of appointment for the State of Lower Saxony was resolved at the Extraordinary General Meeting of Volkswagen AG on December 3, 2009. This means that Porsche SE cannot elect all shareholder representatives to Supervisory Board of Volkswagen AG for as long as the State of Lower Saxony holds at least 15% of Volkswagen AG’s ordinary shares. However, Porsche SE has the power to participate in the operating policy decisions of the Volkswagen Group and is therefore classified as a related party as defined by IAS 24.

The contribution of Porsche SE’s holding company operating business to Volkswagen AG on August 1, 2012 has the following effects on the agreements between Porsche SE, Volkswagen AG and companies of the Porsche Holding Stuttgart Group that existed prior to the contribution and were entered into on the basis of the Comprehensive Agreement and its related implementation agreements:

• As part of the contribution of Porsche SE’s holding company operating business to Volkswagen AG, Volkswagen AG undertook to assume standard market liability compensation effective August 1, 2012 for guarantees issued to external creditors, whereby it is indemnified internally.
• Volkswagen AG continues to indemnify Porsche SE internally against claims by the Einlagensicherungsfonds (German deposit protection fund) after Porsche SE submitted an indemnification agreement required by the Bundesverband Deutscher Banken (Association of German Banks) to the Einlagensicherungsfonds in August 2009. Volkswagen AG has also undertaken to indemnify the Einlagensicherungsfonds against any losses caused by measures taken by the latter in favor of a bank in which Volkswagen AG holds a majority interest.
• Under certain conditions, Porsche SE continues to indemnify Porsche Holding Stuttgart, Porsche AG and their legal predecessors against tax disadvantages that exceed the obligations recognized in the financial statements of those companies relating to periods up to and including July 31, 2009. In return, Volkswagen AG has undertaken to reimburse Porsche SE for any tax advantages of Porsche Holding Stuttgart, Porsche AG and their legal predecessors and subsidiaries relating to tax assessment periods up to July 31, 2009. Based on the results of the external tax audit for the assessment periods 2006 to 2008, which has now been completed, and based on information for the 2009 assessment period available at the date of preparing these consolidated financial statements, a compensation obligation estimated in the low triple-digit million euro range will arise for Volkswagen AG. New information emerging in the future could result in an increase or decrease in the potential compensation obligation.

Under the terms of the Comprehensive Agreement, Porsche SE and Volkswagen AG had granted each other put and call options with regard to the remaining 50.1% interest in Porsche Holding Stuttgart held by Porsche SE until the contribution of its holding company operating business to Volkswagen AG. Both Volkswagen AG (if it had exercised its call option) and Porsche SE (if it had exercised its put option) had undertaken to bear the tax burden resulting from the exercise of the options and any subsequent activities in relation to the equity investment in Porsche Holding Stuttgart (e.g. from recapture taxation on the spin-off in 2007 and/or 2009). If tax benefits had accrued to Volkswagen AG, Porsche Holding Stuttgart, Porsche AG, or their respective subsidiaries as a result of recapture taxation on the spin-off in 2007 and/or 2009, the purchase price to be paid by Volkswagen AG for the transfer of the outstanding 50.1% equity investment in Porsche Holding Stuttgart if the put option had been exercised by Porsche SE would have been increased by the present value of the tax benefit. This arrangement was taken over under the terms of the contribution agreement to the effect that Porsche SE has a claim against Volkswagen AG for payment in the amount of the present value of the realizable tax benefits from any recapture taxation of the spin-off in 2007 as a result of the contribution. It was also agreed under the terms of the contribution that Porsche SE will indemnify Volkswagen AG, Porsche Holding Stuttgart and their subsidiaries against taxes if measures taken by or not taken by Porsche SE result in recapture taxation for 2012 at these companies in the course of or following implementation of the contribution. In this case, too, Porsche SE is entitled to assert a claim for payment against Volkswagen AG in the amount of the present value of the realizable tax benefits that arise at the level of Volkswagen AG or one of its subsidiaries as a result of such a transaction.

Further agreements were entered into and declarations were issued in connection with the contribution of Porsche SE’s holding company operating business to Volkswagen AG, in particular:

• Porsche SE indemnifies its contributed subsidiaries, Porsche Holding Stuttgart, Porsche AG and their subsidiaries against certain liabilities to Porsche SE that relate to the period up to and including December 31, 2011 and that exceed the obligations recognized in the financial statements of those companies for that period.
• Moreover, Porsche SE indemnifies Volkswagen AG, Porsche Holding Stuttgart, Porsche AG and their subsidiaries against half of the taxes (other than taxes on income) arising at those companies in conjunction with the contribution that would not have been incurred in the event of the exercise of the call option on the shares of Porsche Holding Stuttgart that continued to be held by Porsche SE until the contribution. Volkswagen AG therefore indemnifies Porsche SE against half of such taxes that it incurs. In addition, Porsche Holding Stuttgart is indemnified against half of the land transfer tax and other costs triggered by the merger.
• Additionally, Porsche SE and Porsche AG agreed to allocate any subsequent VAT receivables or liabilities from transactions in the period up to December 31, 2009 to the company entitled to the receivable or incurring the liability.
• A range of information, conduct and cooperation obligations were agreed by Porsche SE and the Volkswagen Group in the contribution agreement.

According to a notification dated January 4, 2021, the State of Lower Saxony and Hannoversche Beteiligungsgesellschaft Niedersachsen mbH, Hanover, held 20.00% of the voting rights of Volkswagen AG on December 31, 2020. As mentioned above, the General Meeting of Volkswagen AG on December 3, 2009 also resolved that the State of Lower Saxony may appoint two members of the Supervisory Board (right of appointment).

The following tables present the amounts of supplies and services transacted, as well as outstanding receivables and liabilities, between consolidated companies of the Volkswagen Group and related parties:

The tables above do not contain the dividend payments (net of withholding tax) of €3,098 million (previous year: €3,679 million) received from joint ventures and associates and dividends of €756 million (previous year: €753 million) paid to Porsche SE.

Receivables from joint ventures are primarily attributable to loans granted in an amount of €8,534 million (previous year: €8,290 million) as well as trade receivables in an amount of €3,349 million (previous year: €4,375 million). Receivables from non-consolidated subsidiaries also result primarily from loans granted in an amount of €642 million (previous year: €938 million) as well as trade receivables in an amount of €190 million (previous year: €188 million).

Impairment losses of €24 million (previous year: €56 million) were recognized on the outstanding related party receivables. In the fiscal year, expenses of €14 million (previous year: €37 million) were incurred in this context.

In addition, the Volkswagen Group has furnished guarantees to external banks on behalf of related parties in the amount of €354 million (previous year: €322 million).

In the reporting period, the Volkswagen Group made capital contributions of €505 million (previous year: €668 million) to related parties.

The changes in supplies and services rendered to and received from joint ventures and their majority interests are primarily attributable to supply relationships with the Chinese joint ventures.

As in the previous year, obligations to members of the Supervisory Board and other related parties relate primarily to interest-bearing bank balances of Supervisory Board members and other related parties that were invested at standard market terms and conditions at Volkswagen Group companies.

Obligations to the Board of Management comprise outstanding balances for the annual bonus and the fair values of the performance shares in the amount of €24.2 million (previous year: €50.1 million) granted to Board of Management members.

In addition to the amounts shown above, the following expenses were recognized for benefits and remuneration granted to members of the Board of Management and Supervisory Board of the Volkswagen Group in the course of their activities as members of these bodies:

Benefits paid on the basis of performance shares include the cost of €6.6 million (previous year: €19.5 million) attributable to the performance shares granted to Board of Management members under the remuneration system applicable as from 2017.

In fiscal year 2020, the share price performance up to the settlement date led to the recognition of expense of €– million (previous year: expense of €0.1 million) for the phantom shares.

The post-employment benefits relate to additions to pension provisions for current members of the Board of Management. The termination benefits relate to the payments made to Mr. Sommer in connection with his early departure from the Board of Management on June 30, 2020 and to Mr. Renschler in connection with his early departure from the Board of Management on July 15, 2020.

Disclosures on the pension provisions for members of the Board of Management and more detailed explanations of the remuneration of the Board of Management and the Supervisory Board can be found in the section entitled “Remuneration of the Board of Management and the Supervisory Board” and in the remuneration report, which is part of the management report.